What is the effect of not meeting a quorum on voting?

• A. Ballots cannot be considered valid; business cannot be transacted.
• B. Ballots remain valid without quorum.
• C. Quorum is not required for elections.
• D. Quorum only affects attendance.

Answer: (A)

Quorum is the minimum number of members needed to legally conduct business. Without that minimum present, the group lacks the authority to vote or approve actions. Because decisions require a properly constituted meeting, ballots cannot be considered valid and no business can be transacted until a quorum is reached or the matter is postponed to a meeting with enough members. This ensures that elections and other motions reflect the will of the organization as a whole, not just a small subset. The remaining choices imply that voting could occur or that quorum is only about attendance, which isn’t how governance works.